By Faye Martins
The five koshas (sheaths) are alluded to in metaphysical theory, Yogic psychology, and tantric theory. These are layers of the self (atman). The "Pure Self" or consciousness is encompassed by the five koshas or layers. In simplistic terms, we could view each kosha as a separate layer of the individual's unique personality.
Annamaya kosha means food sheath in the literal sense. It is the first level of the being. It is the physical body of matter and is what one can see, hear, smell and touch of another person. It is dependent upon the sheath of life force and will dissipate once the life force has left the body. It is also related to the mineral stage of evolution.
Pranamaya kosha is the second layer of being associated with energy. It is the layer of prana or life force which makes an otherwise dead body to come alive. It is related to breath, digestion and growth. It is connected to the plant stage of evolution.
Manomaya kosha is the third layer of being, is associated with the mind. It is made up of feelings, thoughts and emotions. Memory and imagination are also part of this kosha, comprising both faculties of mana or the mind and chitta or the subconscious mind and memory. The manomaya kosha is connected to the animal stage of evolution.
Vignanamaya kosha is the fourth layer of being and represents the higher mind. It is associated with knowledge and wisdom. This sheath is what separates humans from animals. Animals have emotions, thoughts and memory like humans. However, unlike animals, humans have the ability to discern between right and wrong. This sheath is associated with having an ego or self-identity.
Anandamaya kosha is the fifth and final layer of being. It is the sheath made of bliss. It is considered the most spiritual of the five koshas. It is also called the level of the soul. This level provokes a strong awareness of the individual and the Absolute. At this level, however, there is still some amount of separation. Unless this sheath is transcended, there is still individual existence and rebirth continues. This kosha is also referred to as the casual body and is said to contain lifetimes of a soul's experiences and stage of evolution. It is the stage where the mind is at rest and connected to its source.
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